International freight traffic dynamics

What are some common dual-use items?

1. Special Materials

High-purity graphite: Used in batteries, semiconductors, and also in missile and nuclear submarine components.

Special steel: High strength and corrosion resistance; used in aerospace and weapons manufacturing.

Carbon fiber: Used in high-end sporting goods and aircraft and missile structural components.

2. Chemicals

Chemicals that can be used to manufacture chemical weapons: Such as certain phosphorus- and sulfur-containing organic chemicals.

Chemicals that can be used to manufacture explosives: Such as ammonium nitrate and perchlorate.

Chemicals that can be used to manufacture narcotics: Such as ephedrine and potassium permanganate.

3. Electronics and Information Products

High-performance computers: High computing power; used for nuclear weapon simulation.

Encryption equipment: High-strength encryption technology; used for military communications.

Semiconductor manufacturing equipment: Such as lithography machines and etching machines; used to produce military chips.

4. Machinery and Equipment

High-precision machine tools: Used for machining high-precision weapon parts.

Industrial robots: Possess precision operating capabilities; used in military equipment manufacturing.

Nuclear-related equipment: such as centrifuges, used for uranium enrichment.

5. Aerospace and Marine

Navigation systems: high-precision satellite navigation equipment.

Avionics: radar and communication systems used in aircraft.

Underwater propulsion: usable in military submarines.